Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are common and are also called as “repetitive motion injury”, “repetitive stress injury”, “overuse injury” and many more. As the names suggest, MSDs are caused due to wear and tear in the musculo-skeletal system caused by repetitive motion. It affects muscles, bones, and joints.

1. Back & Neck Pain
2. Shoulder Pain
3. Rotator Cuff Injuries
4. Joint Problems
5. Achilles Tendinitis
6. ACL Reconstruction
7. Arthritis
8. Ligament Injuries

Symptoms

1. Recurrent pain
2. Stiff joints
3. Swelling
4. Dull aches
5. Redness
6. Muscle weakness
7. Muscle atrophy

Causes

1. Sitting in the same position at a computer every day
2. Engaging in repetitive motions
3. Lifting heavy weights
4. Maintaining poor posture

Conditions/Disorders

1. Back Pain
2. Shoulder Pain
3. Achilles Tendinitis
4. ACL Reconstruction
5. Arthritis
6. Ligament Injuries

Neurological disorders are diseases of the brain, spine and the nerves that connect them. There are more than 600 diseases of the nervous system, like brain tumours, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease and stroke as well as less familiar ones such as frontotemporal dementia.

Symptoms

1. Mood swings
2. Depression
3. Delusions
4. Partial or complete paralysis
5. Muscle weakness
6. Partial or complete loss of sensation
7. Seizures
8. Difficulty reading and writing
9. Poor cognitive abilities
10. Unexplained pain
11. Decreased alertness

Causes

1. Lifestyle-related causes
2. Infections of the brain, spine and/or the nerves
3. Genetics
4. Nutrition-related causes
5. Environmental influences
6. Trauma and Injury of the Brain and/or Spine

Conditions/Disorders

1. Stroke
2. Parkinson’s
3. Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
4. Epilepsy
5. Multiple Sclerosis
6. Spinal Cord Injuries
7. Pinched Nerve
8. Sciatica
9. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Or Lou Gehrigs’s Disease

Cardiopulmonary diseases are conditions that affect the lungs and heart. Cardiac and Pulmonary rehabilitation has shown proven results of improvements in patients suffering from problems in their respiratory system.

Symptoms

1. Pains or pressure in the chest, which may indicate angina
2. Pain or discomfort in the arms, the left shoulder, elbows, jaw, or back
3. Shortness of breath, also known as dyspnea
4. Nausea and fatigue
5. Light-headed or faint
6. Cold sweat

Causes

1. High Blood Pressure
2. High levels of Cholesterol
3. Smoking
4. Drinking Alcohol
5. Diabetes
6. Inactivity
7. Obesity

Conditions/Disorders

1. Cystic Fibrosis
2. aortic aneurysm
3. Peripheral arterial disease
4. Coronary heart diseases: Angina, Heart attack, Heart failure
5. Post Myocardial Infarction
6. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Paediatric conditions are the diseases affecting infants, children, and adolescents. The age limit usually ranges from birth up to 18 years of age. The smaller body of an infant or neonate is physiologically different from that of an adult so it requires special care and attention. Some of the critical, life-threatening and life-limiting conditions that the children of modern times are,

1. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
2. Autism Spectrum Disorder
3. Cerebral Palsy
4. Paediatric Stroke
5. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) denotes the problems of a short attention span, impulsivity, and/or hyperactivity. ADHD occurs in 5 to 8 percent in children and about 2 to 4 percent in adults. People suffering from ADHD have difficulties completing tasks, following rules or getting along with others at home, school or in social settings.

There are three different types of ADHD with unique set of symptoms:

ADHD predominately inattentive type (ADHD-I)

1. Don't pay close attention to details, make careless mistakes
2. Have difficulty paying attention
3. Do not appear to listen
4. Struggle with following instructions
5. Have difficulty getting organized
6. Avoid or dislike tasks that require a lot of thought
7. Lose things
8. Are easily distracted
9. Are forgetful in daily activities

ADHD predominately hyperactive-impulsive type (ADHD-HI)

1. Fidget with hands or feet
2. Have difficulty staying seated
3. Run around or climb excessively
4. Have difficulty working or playing quietly
5. Act “motorized”
6. Talk a lot
7. Have difficulty waiting or taking turns
8. Interrupt or intrude upon others

ADHD combined type (ADHD-C)

Children with ADHD-C show at least six symptoms of Type I and at least six symptoms of Type HI ADHD. They are hyperactive and impulsive and at the same time have trouble paying attention.

2. Autism Spectrum Disorders is a complex neurological and developmental disorder that appears during the first three years of life. Its characteristics include difficulties with social communication and unusual or repetitive interests and behaviours. Such children have a difficult time learning simple social skills like making eye contact, maintaining a conversation, understanding nonverbal communication and so on.

Major symptoms include:

1. Does not respond to his/her name
2. At times, appears to be deaf

Does not speak

1. Speaks with an abnormal tone or rhythm
2. Engages in repetitive motions, such as rocking, spinning or   hand  flapping
3. Is easily upset by a change in routine
4. Walks on his/her toes
5. Has unusual attachments to objects or schedules
6. Doesn’t know how to play with toys
7. Doesn’t return a smile
8. Has poor eye contact
9. Prefers to play alone or with adults
10. Lines up toys or objects
11. Cerebral Palsy is a broad term used to denote a wide range of neurological disorders that disrupts the communication between the brain and muscles, causing uncoordinated movement and posturing for an entire lifetime.

Children with CP may show the following symptoms.

1. Seizures
2. Vision, hearing, or speech problems
3. Learning disabilities and behavior problems
4. Intellectual disability
5. Respiratory problems
6. Bowel and bladder problems
7. Bone abnormalities, including scoliosis (a lateral, or   sideways,  curvature and rotation of the back bones, giving   the appearance that the  person is leaning to one side)
8. Paediatric Stroke globally affects around 25 in 100,000 new-borns and 12 in 100,000 children under 18 years of age posing to be the sixth leading cause of death in children. When blood flow to the brain is blocked or interrupted due to a clot or broken blood vessel, Strokes may occur. Eventually, the brain function is affected and it begins to ‘die’.

Symptoms in New-borns and infants

1. Seizures
2. Extreme sleepiness
3. A tendency to use only one side of their body

Symptoms in older children and teenagers

1. Weakness or numbness of the face, arm or leg, usually on   one side  of the body
2. Trouble walking due to weakness or trouble moving one side   of the  body, or due to loss of coordination
3. Problems speaking or understanding language, including   slurred  speech, trouble trying to speak, inability to speak at   all, or difficulty in  understanding simple directions
4. Severe headache especially with vomiting and sleepiness
5. Trouble seeing clearly in one or both eyes
6. Severe dizziness or loss of coordination that may lead to   losing balance or falling
7. New appearance of seizures, especially if affecting one side   of the body and followed by paralysis on the side of the   seizure activity
8. Combination of progressively worsening non-stop headache,   drowsiness and repetitive vomiting, lasting days without   relief
9. Complaint of sudden onset of the "worst headache of my life"

Illnesses and diseases coming as a result of the ageing process are called as geriatric conditions. Old age people usually have a decline in their regular physical and cognitive functions and might result in injuries, depression and so on. The World Health Organization (WHO), has estimated that by 2050, there will be around two billion people over the age of 60. It is also observed that approximately 15% of adults aged 60 and over suffer from mental health problems.

Some common aging related disorders treated at AMOL are

1. Parkinson’s
2. Alzheimer’s
3. Dementia
4. Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting body movement. It is caused by the deficiency of dopamine, the chemical in the brain responsible for controlling body movements. Parkinson's is a chronic and progressive disorder whereby, the brain cells gradually degenerate and the symptoms worsen over time. The major symptoms include:
5. Tremor (trembling or shaking). As the disease progresses, the shaking or tremor may increase considerably disrupting daily activities.
6. Stiffness of muscles that inhibit muscle movement thereby causing pain.
7. Slowness of movement and difficulty in maintaining posture and balance
8. Problems with speech and swallowing
9. Cramps or a pulling sensation in the muscles that are painful
10. Difficulty in writing
11. It is observed that several neurological systems that control sleep, smell, bowel and bladder movement are also affected.
12. Alzheimer's disease is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that causes a steady decline in memory, thinking skills and other important mental functions. It significantly disrupts a person's ability to manage daily tasks and becomes severe by time.

A person in the early stages of Alzheimer’s may experience loss of memory. As the disease progresses, the symptoms become severe. Although some symptoms are common, their severity and the way they affect a person may vary.

1. Decline in Memory
2. Disorientation and misinterpreting spatial relationships
3. Difficulty Speaking and writing
4. Problems Thinking and reasoning
5. Cannot make decisions
6. Difficulty carrying out daily tasks
7. Emotional distress: Depression, Mood swings, etc.,
8. Disturbed sleep pattern
9. Behavioural changes
10. Dementia is not a disorder in itself but a syndrome that includes a wide range of symptoms. It is caused due to damage of brain tissues and cells. Because of this, people are affected with neuro-degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. The symptoms include memory loss, mood changes, difficulty in thinking and reasoning, problem solving and language which severely inhibit the person's ability to perform everyday activities.

Patients with Dementia usually show symptoms of,

1. Memory loss
2. Impaired Language and communication
3. Loss of Sense of direction
4. Struggling with Daily tasks
5. Loss of interest
6. Sudden mood changes
7. Repetitive speech and behaviour
8. Resistance to change/adaptation Some types of dementia cause specific symptoms
9. Dementia with Lewy bodies: The person has detailed visual hallucinations and may fall frequently
10. Frontotemporal dementia: Personality changes or unusual behaviour. The person may not show any concern for others, and may be rude or harsh while speaking.
11. Vascular dementia: The person may have delirium, or confusion caused due to a new or worsening illness.

Injuries are inevitable in the sports field. Every game or sport has its own set of risks and hazards to the players. Some injuries may be a life or death decision maker in many players’ careers. AMOL provides treatment plans to athletes for the following injuries.

1. Achilles tendon injury
2. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
3. Dislocated Shoulder and Separated Shoulder
4. Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis)
5. An Achilles tendon injury can happen to anyone, whether you’re an athlete or just going about your everyday life. These injuries happen when you move suddenly as you push off and lift your foot rather than when you land. For instance, a sprinter might get one at the start of a race as he surges off the starting block. The abrupt action can be too much for the tendon to handle. Men over 30 are particularly prone to Achilles tendon injuries.

Causes

Achilles tendon injuries are common in people who do things where they quickly speed up, slow down, or pivot, such as:

1. Running
2. Gymnastics
3. Dance
4. Football
5. Baseball
6. Softball
7. Basketball
8. Tennis
9. Volleyball

Symptoms Include:

1. Stiffness
2. Swelling
3. Bruising
4. Trouble pointing/pushing off toes while walking
5. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is the most commonly injured knee ligament. It connects the thigh bone to the shin bone.

Symptoms you may have:

1. Pain, often sudden and severe
2. A loud pop or snap during the injury
3. Swelling within the first 24 hours after the injury
4. A feeling of looseness in the joint
5. Inability to put weight on the joint without pain, or any weight at all
6. Dislocated Shoulder and Separated Shoulder: Unlike the other joints in your, the shoulder is incredibly mobile. You can twist and move your upper arm in almost any direction, making it inherently unstable, prone to slipping out of place. During an injury, if the top of your arm bone pops out of the shoulder socket, it is a Dislocated Shoulder. If the injury tears one of the ligaments that connects the collarbone to the shoulder blade it is a Separated Shoulder.

Causes

1. Falling onto your shoulder, especially on a hard surface
2. Being hit in the shoulder
3. Trying to break a fall with your hand

Symptoms of a dislocated shoulder:

1. Pain is severe in the shoulder and upper arm
2. Difficulty moving the arm
3. Deformation of the shoulder

Symptoms of a separated shoulder are:

1. Intense pain as soon as the injury occurs
2. Tenderness of the shoulder and collarbone
3. Swelling
4. Bruising
5. Deformed shoulder
6. Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis)is a type of tendinitis -- swelling of the tendons -- that causes pain in the elbow and arm. This happens due to repetitive gripping activities, especially if it involves the use of thumb and first two fingers.

Tennis elbow might result from:

1. Tennis
2. Racquetball
3. Squash
4. Fencing
5. Weight lifting
6. Carpentry
7. Typing
8. Painting
9. Raking
10. Knitting

Tennis elbow is characterised by most pain while you

1. Lift something
2. Make a fist or grip an object, such as a tennis racket
3. Open a door or shake hands
4. Raise your hand or straighten your wrist

Health conditions related to women are a worldwide concern mainly due to the discrimination and barriers in Economies, Gender, Socio-cultural factors and so on. Many women don’t easily open up regarding their health problems and that is the main challenge in the Health care industry. At AMOL, women are welcome to come out with their problems. We encourage women to talk out their issues and seek remedies with our expert team.

Menstrual irregularities:

1. Absence of periods (Amenorrhea)
2. Infrequent periods (Oligomenorrhea)
3. Too frequent periods (Metrorrhagia)
4. Heavy periods (menorrhagia)
5. Painful periods (Dysmenorrhea)
6. Endometriosis
7. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
8. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

Uterine problems:

1. Uterine fibroids (leiomyomata)
2. Polyps of the lining of the uterus (endometrial polyps)
3. Prolapse of the uterus, bladder, or rectum

Infections and irritation:

1. Vaginitis

    1.Yeast infection (candidiasis)

    2.Bacterial vaginosis

1. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
2. Vaginal dryness
3. Vaginal and vulvar irritation and skin changes, such as sores, lumps, itching, stinging or burning

Perimenopause and menopause issues:

1. Mid-life health care and menopause management
2. Hormone replacement counselling and management
3. Osteoporosis prevention and management

Obstetrics

1. Family planning
2. Prenatal counselling
3. Infertility
4. Full range of pregnancy, delivery and postnatal care, including vaginal birth and caesarean deliveries
5. Management of ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage
6. Obstetrical emergencies, such as heavy bleeding
7. Gynaecologic concerns which may affect or arise during pregnancy

Pre And Post-Surgical Conditions

Individuals who have undergone surgery or who intend to take up one, they need to have Physical therapy interventions. This is mainly to ensure physical fitness and desired postoperative outcomes. It also reduces the risk of anaesthetic complications and reduces post-operative complications.

The better the mind-set you are in before surgery, the easier the recovery. Your function, range of motion, and strength prior to surgery will facilitate your recovery and help get you back on your feet faster. AMOL’s therapists engage you in a pre-operative rehabilitation program and prepare you for surgery so as to,

1. Mentally prepare you for surgery and what to expect afterward
2. Reduce pain and inflammation
3. Improve joint mobility and range of motion so you can become active again much quicker after surgery
4. Improve overall well-being and fitness to reduce risks and complications during surgery
5. Educate you about the exercises we will include in your post-op rehab program

Our Post-surgery rehabilitation programs helps you manage post-operative pain, regain motion and strength, and return to your daily activities faster. You also get to learn how to properly use any durable medical equipment (DME) such as crutches, canes, or walkers. The prime focus is to help reduce your pain and improve your balance, strength, functionality, and mobility through:

1. Manual therapy
2. Joint mobilization
3. Muscle energy techniques
4. Balance and gait training
5. Therapeutic exercise and functional strength training